硝基甲烷 Nitromethane

物理描述 Physical Description

Nitromethane appears as a colorless oily liquid. Flash point 95°F. May violently decompose if intensely heated when contaminated. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence sinks in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Moderately toxic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

颜色/状态 Color Form

Colorless liquid

气味 Odor

Moderately strong, somewhat disagreeable odor

沸点 Boiling Point

101.1 °C

熔点 Melting Point

-28.5 °C

闪点 Flash Point

95 °F (35 °C) (Closed Cup)

溶解度 Solubility

In water, 1.11X10+5 mg/L at 25 °C

密度 Density

1.1371 g/cu cm at 20 °C

蒸气密度 Vapor Density

2.11 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)

蒸汽压力 Vapor Pressure

3.58X10+1 mm Hg at 25 °C

亨利常数 Henrys Law Constant

2.86e-05 atm-m3/mole

稳定性/保质期 Stability Shelf Life

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

自燃温度 Autoignition Temperature

785 °F (418 °C)

分解 Decomposition

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

粘度 Viscosity

0.614 cP at 25 °C

燃烧热 Heat Of Combustion

-709 kJ/mol at 25 °C

汽化热 Heat Of Vaporization

38.3 kJ/mol at 25 °C ; 34.4 kJ/mol at the boiling point

表面张力 Surface Tension

37.19 dynes/cm at 20 °C

电离电位 Ionization Potential

11.08 eV

气味阈值 Odor Threshold

The human odor threshold for nitromethane is 3.5 ppm.

折光率 Refractive Index

Index of refraction = 1.3817 at 20 °C/D

解离常数 Dissociation Constants

pKa = 10.21

相对蒸发率 Relative Evaporation Rate

1.3 (Butyl acetate = 1); 9 (Diethyl ether = 1)

保留指数 Kovats Retention Index

526.13;527.75;527.85;527.88;528.15;528.16;528.6;528.66;529.26;530.05;531.15;556;543.6;536;565;565;565;531;487;526;531;521;526;565;521;536;565

其他实验性质 Other Experimental Properties

Solubility of water in nitromethane: 2.1% at 25 °C

辛醇/水分配系数 LogP

-0.35 (LogP)

辛醇/空气分配系数 Logkoa

2.53 (Octanol-Air partition coefficient)

大气OH速率常数 Atmospheric Oh Rate Constant

1.30e-13 cm3/molecule*sec

氢离子浓度指数 pH

pH of 0.01M aqueous solution = 6.12